This expression literally translates to “What are you called?” Other languages that use the same kind of sentence structure to ask what someone’s name is include French and Russian.
The literal translation of this question is “Which is your name?” Beginner Spanish learners might try saying “what” instead of “which”, as in, “¿Qué es tu nombre?” (KAY ess too NOM-bray). Avoid this sentence: it sounds unusual to native Speakers.
For an even more formal way of asking this question, try including the pronoun “usted” (the formal “you”): “¿Usted cómo se llama?” (OO-sted KOH-moh say YAHM-ah). You might use this expression if you’re talking to a government official or figure of similar status. In Spain, you can also say “¿Cómo os llamáis?” (KOH-moh ohs yahm-ACE): This form of Spanish is not used in Latin America, but using it in Spain can make you sound more native.
It’s okay if you use informal Spanish instead of formal Spanish—this generally isn’t seen as being as rude as it is in other languages with a formal/informal distinction. In Spain, you can say “¿Cuál es vuestro nombre?” (koo-WALL ess voo-ESS-tro NOM-bray). This form of Spanish doesn’t exist outside of Spain, and speakers in Spain will also understand you if you use the Latin American dialect.
The formal variation of this question is “¿Cuál es su apellido?” (koo-WALL ess soo ahp-eh-YI-doh). In Spain, you can also ask this question in a formal way by saying “¿Cuál es vuestro apellido?” (koo-WALL ess voo-ESS-tro ahp-eh-YI-doh).
To ask this question in a formal style, say “¿Cuál es su nombre completo?” (koo-WALL ess soo NOM-bray com-PLET-oh). In Spain, you can also ask this question formally by saying, “¿Cuál es vuestro nombre completo?” (koo-WALL ess voo-ESS-tro NOM-bray com-PLET-oh).
The formal variation for this question is “¿Tiene un sobrenombre?” (tee-EHN-eh oon so-bray-NOM-bray). In Spain, you can also use the formal variation of “¿Tenéis un sobrenombre?” (ten-EH-is oon so-bray-NOM-bray). Another word for “nickname” (“sobrenombre”) is “apodo” (ah-POH-doh). For example, “¿Tienes un apodo?” (tee-EHN-ess oon ah-POH-doh).
“¿Cuál es tu nombre?” “Me llamo Jack. ” (“What is your name?” “My name is Jack. ”)
“¿Cómo te llamas?” “Mi nombre es Anastasia. ” (“What is your name?” “My name is Anastasia. ”)
“¿Cual es tu nombre completo?” “Soy Jackie Chen. ” (“What is your full name?” “I’m Jackie Chen. ”)